Age Related Positivity Effect On Children - 1765 Words

Age Related Positivity Effect What is age related positivity effect? Is it a hearty personality that fosters this age related positivity effect? Does the wisdom of life, and the many lessons, tears and triumphs, teach some individuals the skills needed to obtain this positivity effect as they age? Andrew Reed and Laura Carstensen completed a research paper entitled; The theory behind the age-related positivity effect, published in frontiers in psychology, September 27, 2012 (Reed Carstensen, 2012). In this study age related â€Å"positivity effect† is defined the trend wherein age-related individuals favor the positive over the negative when processing cognitively (Reed Carstensen, 2012). The older individuals recall and react to†¦show more content†¦My hypothesis suggests that the largest impact on age related positivity effect is an individual that encountered more challenges throughout their lives. When individuals work for their successes, overcome obstacles and learn to cope with adversity, they have an opportunity to learn invaluable lessons of perseverance. Aware of attention restoration theory (ART) that theorizes cognitively, individuals naturally are stimulated by either negative or positive stimuli (Berman, Jonides, Kaplan, 2008). ART is based on research, examining the separation of attention into two fundamental areas: involuntary attention, where ones’ attention is drawn to their natural positive or negative stimuli (Berman, Jonides, Kaplan, 2008). The secondary occurs when your attention is captured by something intriguing to your personal sensibilities, some stimuli that challenges your natural cognitive thought pattern (Berman, Jonides, Kaplan, 2008). Therefore, theorizing individuals that encounter few adversities within the first one third of their lives, lack the opportunity to learn challenging coping skills, thus, leaving these individuals with a personal deficit when forced to endure hardships and calamitie s in the later stages of their lives (Berman, Jonides, Kaplan, 2008). Once again, these factors have the possibility of influencing cognitive

Thomas Jefferson Free Essays

Thomas Jefferson Free Essays As stated in the instructions under the navigation link, â€Å"Papers/ Projects,† a historical analogy Is to â€Å"compare/contrast† two historical events. You should choose two historical events In which you compare and contrast two important historical events such as two battles, two laws, two presidential administrations, etc. You should begin on this assignment as soon as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Jefferson or any similar topic only for you Order Now This assignment is very important and is worth 300 points! You must submit your historical analogy no later than OCTOBER 19th! This assignment Is worth a total of 300 plants It Is due no later than the last day of class Please submit your Historical Analogy to the instructor, using the † Here is a detailed description of what a â€Å"Historical Analogy† is for the purposes of this course: Historical Analogies are essays that compare/contrast two or more historical events, issues, and/or ideas. Analogies help to increase understanding by dealing with relationships and comparisons – the new to the old, the unknown to the known. That is, analogies help us to understand unfamiliar Ideas, things, and situations by showing how these matters are similar to something we already know. The instructions below should give you an idea of what the skeleton of a historical analogy essay might look like: You would write a brief Introduction that states your thesis (central Idea, whatever – however you learned It) and previews how your essay will be constructed: [Then you would write the body of your paper:] You would then tie it all together with a well-written conclusion. So, the Idea Is to compare/contrast two historical events/issues from the same era, or one historical event/lessee from one era with a scalar historical event/lessee from another era, or a current event with a historical event we have read about or discussed. Thus, Historical Analogy assignment is essentially an essay discussing and analyzing what you have learned In a way that makes history meaningful to us In our present Analogies should be a MINIMUM length of 4 double spaced pages. REMEMBER, this is the minimum. You should go beyond the minimum if you expect to receive higher Han minimum points for this assignment. You must use AT LEAST three sources OTHER THAN your textbook. You should send your analogy to the instructor via the MESSAGES center (as an attachment). The Dropped can be found under the † Tools† navigation button. Be sure to cite all sources that you use! You must also provide a list of your sources/ references at the end of your paper. This should be the last page of your paper. This is a must! Use the Epistyle and format. Sample Analogy Essay: This is an example of an Analogy essay from one of my previous classes. Although his analogy is not as long as four (double spaced typed) pages, this should give you a good idea regarding the style and form your essay should take. I hope it is helpful. 🙂 In this analogy, I will compare partisan politics of the early United Gastroenteritis to today’s political parties. Prior to 1789 there was basically one party in American politics. In approximately 1792 due to differing opinions on the direction the United Statehood take in terms of commerce, and trade two separate parties began to form. The Federalist party headed by Washington, but whose financial policy was set by Alexander Hamilton, believed that the economic success of the United States lied in trade, and commercial interests. Their power base was in the New Mistranslated where there was less of an emphasis on agriculture due to poor soil. The Republican party began around 1792. Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison became convinced that Hamiltonians policies favored the wealthy commercial interests at the expense of agriculture. Their belief was that Hamilton and the Federalists were bent on forming an aristocratic government in the United States. Although the names have changed we still have two main political parties in the United States. Today we have the Republican, and the Democratic parties. As in the late sass’s both of our present day parties claim to be the party of the people. Like early politics both of our parties continually blame the other for the problems that our society experiences. In the assess citizens complained when the United Stateside not remain neutral in European politics, and the same holds true today. Currently we are mired in problems in Bosnia, and most U. S. Citizens would probably rather not see our U. S. Troops involved in something we consider not to be our fight. The last thing that I would compare is how our U. S. Politics were nasty back in early look at Aaron Burr, and Alexander Hamilton. Aaron Burr after being thwarted by Hamiltonian his bid for president challenged Hamilton a duel. Burr was upset at Hamiltonian Hamiltonians comment that Burr was too dangerous, and unfit to hold office. The end result was that Hamiltonian shot and killed by Burr in this duel. While today our politicians do not shoot each other, they do find other ways to kill ACH other politically. In today’s politics no aspect of a public figures private life is exempt from public scrutiny. Our politicians even go as far as to hire private investigators to dig up dirt on each other. While I do not have a fix for the evils, and divisiveness that our two party system brings about, I do think that it does have its redeeming qualities. Having two parties keeps the ruling party semi-honest. With the threat of losing an election should you go against the will of the people, a two party system allows voters a choice come election time. How to cite Thomas Jefferson, Papers

International Market Toyota Motors Corporate

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketfor Toyota Motors Corporate. Answer: Introduction International marketing referred to the use of marketing activities integrated and synchronized across many country markets or international markets. The International is also known as global marketing involves and focus on global marketing strategies such as making marketing mix decisions in international boundaries. For our case, Toyota uses international marketing to establish manufacturing facilities globally and to integrate those strategies. The company will assess its performance of the business operation of its goods and services towards the customers internationally for a profit (Paliwoda, , 2013). Toyota Motors Corporate is a multinational corporation that manufactures cars, Lorries, trucks, buses, and robots. The company is located in Japan, Toyota City. Toyota has set many factories across the globe, and it produces and assembles different types of vehicles for both local and international market (Kotler, 2013). Some of the biggest plants configured to assemble the vehicles include Japan, USA-Brazil, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom among other countries. The company has realized success in both local and global market because it makes products of high quality. The company keeps on improving their products hence effecting them leading to match with high demands in the industry. The company strives to increase the quality of their product. The development of such attitude is drawn by a single tag kaizen which means constant improvement (Kleindl, 2007.). Situation analysis of Toyota Motor Company Situational analysis of the company refers to the method collection that management of company applies to overview the internal and outside variables that concern capacity, customers and organizations environment. For instance, many businesses such as the Toyota Motors uses situational analysis as market plan. The strategy creates the companys guide to communicate the position of their products (Toyota Prius) and determine whether they meet the clients specifications per se. The company has employed different mechanisms to effect both production and distribution of automobile products. The firm has established a bold and long-term mutual relationship with their customers (Bradley, 2012). The management of the company evaluates the both macro-environment that influence their businesses hence disorienting the buyers' behavior towards their products. Similarly, they consider and assess the small factors that may affect the company. The primary objective of the company conducting situati onal analysis measures the organizational position as well as product standpoint as far as Toyota Motors is concerned. In additional, the study may mean a lot in as much as the overall survival of the company within a given environment (Bouwman, 2015). Toyota Motors Company, through this analysis, is enabled to draw the line of opportunities and problems in the enterprise and in the market hence understand basic capabilities in the market. Toyota Prius SWOT Analysis Strength Toyota Prius, a product of Toyota, have focused on research and development. The company has been known for its innovativeness culture. The company has introduced the product in the UK ahead of the competitors hence proven to be a most preferred choice. The company has broadly focused on basic research, forward-looking and leading-edge tech improvement and product development. A Large sum of money has been invested by Toyota to introduce the best market quality cars in the UK. The most outstanding automotive product worldwide. The company has been among the top five automotive producers; the company also number one automotive product regarding value. The product value is closely linked to product recognition which translates Toyotas the most recognizable Toyota Prius globally. Toyota products especially Toyota Prius are competent to thrive in UK market since they are high quality cars. Toyota Prius became the most mass-produced quality car as well as most successful up-to-date. In the UK, Toyota Prius Competence in hybrid cars is a long-term competitive gain that its competitors face solid way to thrive in the market. Weaknesses Toyota has reluctant to invest in separate cars tech. The Toyota has engaged in RD focusing in contributing to the complete abolition of traffic losses, but the firm has no planning to familiarize completely free cars in the future. Toyota Motors lack tech advancement in manufacturing automotive cars hence giving their competitors advantage to pick in UK market. The company has poor publicity because of large cars recalls. The rate at which Toyota Prius recalls is very high leading to great negative publicity. Furthermore, larger and frequent recalls adversely affect the company reputation resulting to low sales. Opportunities The companys profit has been optimistic due to a gradual decrease of fuel which is expected in future. Nonetheless, Toyota Prius has gained an advantage over low fuel prices which have attracted many customers purchase Toyota Prius, particularly in the UK. Furthermore, Prius, the company has invested heavily in producing quality cars. People in the UK have demanded autonomous vehicles. The company has estimated the market is hence making the company delay launching the first autonomous cars. Toyota has to quicken the process of development of autonomous cars tech and acquire the skills for it to remain relevant in the market. Threats The companys revenues originate from the global market. The UK have recently splinted, and this has attributed to depreciating of Euro pound in foreign exchange. The company cannot control the fluctuation of currency exchange rates, therefore posing a threat. Moreover, the companys profit is skewed significantly. The government regulations of UK has been one of the primary threats affecting the marketing of nth Prius. Nonetheless, new rules or changing in existing legislation may also alter Toyota expenses in future. PESTEL Analysis The company has addressed different opportunities, and threats as the PESTEL analysis outlines to ensure the Toyota Prius command in UK automobile market. Political Factors In the UK the company has enjoyed massive stability hence creating an opportunity for Prius to have many customers. Furthermore, the free trade market involving the UK states have provided broad markets to sell the Toyota Prius. The UK government have also encouraged the eco-friendly products hence Toyota got the opportunity to improve its Prius products to gratify the need of environmental expectations. Economic Factors The Prius depends on economic patterns. The company has the significant opportunity to grow its exports to UK market about failure of Euro pound. The rapid growth of developing economies present the opportunity for the Toyota to develop revenues on UK market. Social Factors The company has got the chance to give the high large number of products to satisfy the consumers up surging interest in hybrid and electric cars such as Prius. Technological Factors. The company has opportunity to develop its e-business capacities to utilize third e-business service providers for sales of Toyota Prius as well as its spares. The company has got the chance to improve its social media apps to boosts client engagement and loyalty. Ecological Factors Toyota can improve its sustainability performance through improvements in companies boosting effectiveness. Similarly, the company has advantages to provide more eco-friendly products, like Prius electric cars which higher fuel efficacy. Legal Factors The company has been providing hybrid Prius cars that satisfy the regulations of laws of the environment as well as needs of the customers. Toyota has used the chance to offer safe and more reliable products to gratify the clients needs. The company requires understanding the business climate and environment. The understanding will eliminate any factor that might adversely affect the company. The factors that need an insight include political and regulatory backgrounds. The company must consider government regulations on the market and match them with their policies to enhance production, distribution, and sale the product (Panayides, 2015). The Toyota Company must adhere to the socio-cultural environment to enable them to understand the society patterns and fashions such as education and demographics. Toyota Company must apply technological evaluation to replace dull routine and suggest new methods which are cost-effective. Toyota Prius Market Entry Modes in UK Toyota Company has implemented several strategies to overcome some problems and to reach to all parts of the world. The company has pinpointed the main issues linking to the Toyota management. Those critical issues identified include Lag in product planning, declining market share in the whole world, and expansion of the company at the international level. The problems have forced the company that bold front steps for the manufacturer to thrive in the global context. Cross-Nation Strategy The first stage that the company pinpointed includes Cross-Nation Space Strategy. The model is also known as a direct entry model. Toyota has to implement the approach by marketing its product in the home country and the whole world. The approach will aim at blanketing the nations of the world with Toyota Prius. Since the company started in the late 1930s, the company took a period of two decades before it integrated and set another plant. From then, the company has set other measures to ensure consistent success. The company assured use of high quality auto suppliers or partners which led improvement of the channel of distribution. The company also built stores for keeping their products for shipping. Toyota also housed and facilitated all employees and their families (Bradley, 2012). Partnership or Joint Ventures Toyota has made a joint venture (partnership) with several car manufacturers. For instance, Toyota collaborated with one of the company from Thailand hence the name brand Toyota Motor Thailand. The strategy enabled the company to introduce its assembly plant in Thailand and other countries where they collaborated. The company also has expanded working with many countries in Europe and the United States. The company uses this expansion process to successfully carry out with opening many subsidiaries of Toyota which based in different parts of the world such as in Brazil. The development will result in the effectiveness of Toyota in many countries (Kotler, 2013). For instance, Toyota Do Brazil merged with Toyota of Argentina to export Toyotas automobiles to America and later in Central America. Toyota uses licensing strategy method to penetrate the international market. The company uses the model to run the foreign operation efficiently. Toyota in Japan get into consent and agree to permit the companies in another country to use the manufacturing, processing, symbol/trademark, or other skill given by the licensor. Toyota subsidiary companies are located in many countries where they assemble cars. The company has reaped several advantages such as opening the door to little risk production relationship (Ibeh, 2012). Marketing Mix Strategy Toyota marketing mix is closely related to a diverse set of approaches for the products lineups, place and supply, and promotion. Toyotas marketing mix uses 4ps that reflecting the companys methods for interacting with its target marketplace. Toyota market is diverse regarding customer taste and preferences and general as well as local market conditions. The 4Ps strategies have enabled Toyota to lead to global success in implementing the companys marketing mix. Product Mix Toyota has a diverse set of goods. The model identifies company result for the consumers target. The company automobiles are the most known product. Lexus vehicle is famously known for been expensive products of Toyota. Similarly, Welcab series are made for old people and disabled people. Furthermore, the company manufactures yachts, engines, and spare parts for their automobiles as well as marine products. The use of this model has enabled the company cut the market-related risks and reaches wider through a varied product mix (Dominici, 2009). Place Marketing Mix The company has the largest and productive dealerships for distributing. However, the company has partners such as suppliers and retailers also take part in selling the Toyotas products like accessories. The model marketing mix indicates Toyota must rely heavily on partners to market and sell their products to the target market (Rahmani R, 2015). Promotional Mix The model entails techniques of marketing communications. The company uses activities such as personal selling, adverting, public relations, sales promotion, and direct selling. The company applies personal selling through partners/dealerships. The partners personally promote the items by reaching to the potential customers. Toyota also uses media to advertise their products. Several methods of advertising include TV, newspapers, and Internet. Public relation is another promotional model. The good example that company uses involve Toyota TogetherGreen and Meal Per Hour programs that help environmental initiative and donate food to Foodbank respectively. Promotion marketing mix shows clear that Toyota has a comprehensive approach for promoting the products as well the company (Goi, 2009). Pricing Strategy Mix The products vary regarding pricing depending on the product line and the product type. The company uses the market leading pricing strategy to determine to price based on market situations and the prices of their competitors. Similarly, Toyota uses values-based pricing strategy to set prices based on the real and perceived value of the product. The model has supported the company basically on market situations as well as consumers perception (Yun-sheng, 2010). Implementation Strategies of Toyota Marketing approach of the company varies regarding marketing needs in different geographic locations. The company marketing strategy aims at variation approach, as its goods from the competitors products. The companys main competitors include Ford, Mitsubishi, Isuzu, Mazda, and Hino, are matching the same steps to acquire market share by using the same international strategy (Joshi, 2014). Thus the Toyota produces products to sell overseas hence work tirelessly to satisfy the clients by providing them with specific products that match customers specifications. The differentiation approach absorbed to Toyota supports it ion manufacturing items that vary from other similar companies products. The strategy helps the company to tag the price of its products as per their wish since their goods vary widely with competitors products. Conclusion The marketing strategies for any given company have a vital role to play in the effectiveness of the company. The international marketing should be carried out concerning the both micro and macro external influences. The products may vary in countries concerning quality depending on how the company supplies them. The pricing of the Toyotas products also plays a significant role in the effective marketing strategy mix. The company should not tag prices at high rates since it will decrease the sales volume. Furthermore, the company should make a decision on its marketing by observing on the international market rather than concentrating only on the local market. Concerning much on global market means that, international customers will be satisfied and their needs met immediately. The performance reputation of the company has been pronounced. Similarly, in future, the company needs to adopt innovative marketing approaches to enable to have a significant number of customers and participa te in the highly competitive market. References Bouwman, W., 2015. The International Market, Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute. Bradley, F., 2012. International Marketing Strategy. 10 ed. New Jersy: Prentice Hall. Cuniberti, G., 2014. The international market for contracts : the most attractive contract laws. Northwestern journal of international law business, 34(3), pp. , p. 455-517. Dobni, B., 2011. a Model for Implementing service Excellence in the financial Services. Journal of financial services Marketing, 6(2), pp. 40-43. Dominici, G., 2009. From Marketing mix to e-marketing mix: A literature review and Classification. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(9), pp. 17-24. Goi, C., 2009. A Review of Marketing Mix: 4Ps. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 1(1), p. 2. Ibeh, K., 2012. International marketing. 4 ed. London : Henry Stewart Talks. Johannes, G., Bill, K. Plenert, 2010. Finite Capacity: Management selection amnd Implementation. 4 ed. New York: John Wiley Sons Inc.. Joshi, R. M., 2014. International Marketing. 7 ed. New Delhi : Oxford Univ. Press. Kleindl, B. A., 2007.. International Marketing. 4 ed. Mason: Ohio, Australia: Thomson Southwestern. Kotler, G. A. P., 2013. Marketing: An Introduction. 3rd ed. New Jersy: Prentice. Obadia, C., 2012. The political economy of international market access.. World Economy, 15(6), pp. 679-753. Obadia, C. Vida, I., 2015. International market entry failures : classification of subsidiary opportunism, New York: Marketing insights, innovations and ingenuity. Paliwoda, S., , 2013. International Marketing. 2 ed. New York: Routledge. Panayides, P. M., 2015. International market entry strategies in China : lessons from ocean shipping and logistics multinationals. Shipping in China,, 45(12), pp. 134-166. Peter, M., 2016. What Strategy. Havard Business review, 7(3), pp. 61-69. Rahmani, K. R, K. E. Y., 2015. Quality Function Development and New Product with a Focus on Marketing mix 4P Model. Asian Journal of research in Marketing, 4(2), pp. 98-108. Yun-sheng, W., 2010. Perfection and innovation of 4P Marketing Mix-How to evaluate 4P Marketing Mix. Commercial Research, 5(6), pp. 34-56.